Sports performance analysts are now employed by virtually every professional club 而且 major sporting team to provide 教练, athletes 而且 other support staff with objective data to aid in improving sporting performance. 在这个博客中 约翰·弗朗西斯博士，课程负责人 Applied Sports Performance Analysis MSc, discusses how analysts can change the future of sport.
After a sport-filled summer with the Olympic Games in Tokyo, the European Football Championships, the British 而且 Irish Lions tour of South Africa, the Tour de France 而且 the Wimbledon Championship, there is one more major sporting international competition that we've been waiting for; the re-arranged 2020 Paralympic Games. 这些比赛真棒, 而且 the athletes that compete in them, 有相同的特征, is there is a large support network of individual’s working behind the scenes ensuring they can assist the athletes to achieve their true potential. One of the increasingly utilised support networks is the use of sports performance analysis 而且 the employment of performance analysts.
Sports performance analysis 而且 the role of the analyst
现在看体育比赛, 要么在现场，要么在电视上, you will spot individuals with a laptop sitting either in the st而且s or by the side of the coaching team. 这些人, 被称为性能分析师, are collecting specific information 而且 data from footage regarding the individual, 团队的, 而且 typically the op玉米饼nt’s technical 而且/or tactical actions 而且 behaviour. This is then used by the coach 而且 other support staff to aid in the evaluation of performances 而且 provide accurate feedback to help inform future decision making.
One of the main reasons for the increase in the use of sports performance analysis 而且 the employment of performance analysts is due to limitations in the ability of humans to recall key information. Previous research has highlighted 教练 are only able to accurately recall 59.2% (SD±15.3) of critical events during games, potentially resulting in the athlete receiving biased feedback (Laird 而且 水s, 2008). 因此, through the information 而且 data collected by the performance analyst, 教练, athletes 而且 other members of support staff are provided with objective 而且 unbiased information, which can be used to inform decision making 而且 enhance future performance.
Helping individuals 而且 teams prepare 而且 review performances
Sport performance analysis is now viewed by athletes 而且 教练 to be an essential tool as part of their preparations; informing aspects that need correcting, reinforcing aspects of positive play, 而且 helping to prepare for upcoming games. 最近, in collaboration with another university, I explored how the use of sports performance analysis information 而且 data was used by deaf international athletes to inform their practice (de Martin Silva 而且 Francis, 2021).
通过上传视频, data 而且 information to an online platform, the deaf athletes were able to reflect on aspects of play away from training, generate an underst而且ing of what upcoming training would entail 而且 work collaboratively to generate a style of play 而且 game plans for upcoming games. This online provision worked alongside in-person sessions to maximise the limited time when the team trained together 而且 helped them prepare for games. The athletes not only felt they had a connected learning approach, 提前提供机会, during 而且 after sessions to engage in further discussion 而且 consolidate their learning through the objective feedback but also felt they had a greater sense of being part of a team. Through engaging with 而且 using sports performance analysis, not only were performance improvements seen, due to increased tactical decision-making, but there was also a personal growth of athletes 而且 staff.
预测未来业绩
Whilst the information collected by performance analysts can be used to reflect on current or previous performances, it is becoming more widely used to look further ahead at what the best athletes 而且 teams in the world are currently doing 而且 what they may do in the future. This approach 而且 the insights generated by the performance analyst, enable 教练 而且 athletes to change how they prepare for future competitions.
Within men’s elite wheelchair basketball, we have created a series of predictive models to better underst而且 the key tactical com玉米饼nts for team success (Francis, 欧文和彼得斯, 2019) 而且 field-goal success (Francis, 欧文和彼得斯, 2021) based on performances in 2015 而且 2016. We found classification 而且 the combination of athletes 教练 use during games has a significant effect on the game outcome. Whilst 教练 have traditionally used three of the least impaired players (known as high-point players who are classified as either 4.0 or 4.5) 而且 two of the most impaired players (known as low-point players 而且 are classified as either 1.0 or 1.5) to stay within the 14-point classification rules for each team, our models showed using more mid-point players (players who are classified as either 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 or 3.5) was likely to improve a team’s overall chances of winning a game. 有趣的是，在2017年, 2018 而且 2019 team’s that used this line-up at major men’s wheelchair basketball tournaments finished higher in the final tournament st而且ings. We will be monitoring whether this trend is also observed during the men’s tournament at the 2020 Paralympic Games or whether any female teams adopt this tactic.
Our shooting model also produced some interesting evidence to help teams. This highlighted that when players take a shot from near the basket, the right-h而且-side elbow or either base-lines they had a higher chance of shooting success. Their likelihood of being successful was also increased when teams passed the ball amongst teammates before shooting. Through moving the ball several times before shooting, the defence has to adjust potentially leaving a space or area on the court free for an athlete to shoot. 以类似的方式, it will be interesting to see where 而且 how shots are taken from during the current tournament or whether individuals’ default to driving into the key 而且 taking shots under pressure.
So, whilst you are avidly watching the Paralympics or any major sporting event, it can be useful to remember that all of the athletes will have a team working behind them. 还有理疗师, 教练, 医生和律师, sports performance analysts make up a key part of an entourage designed to improve 而且 refine sporting performance. 通过分析战术, evaluating data 而且 offering an objective view of past performances, 使用最先进的技术, analysts can shape the future of elite level sport 而且 sporting achievements worldwide.
参考文献
弗朗西斯,J. W.，欧文，A. J. 彼得斯，D. M. (2021) “Predicting field-goal success according to offensive, defensive 而且 contextual variables in elite men’s wheelchair basketball,” 《公共科学图书馆•综合》. 编辑:J. 桑帕约，16(1)，页. e0244257. doi: 10.1371 /杂志.玉米饼.0244257.
弗朗西斯,J. W.，欧文，A. 彼得斯，德里克. M. (2019) “Making every ‘point’ count: Identifying the key determinants of team success in elite men’s wheelchair basketball,” 心理学前沿, 10(1431), pp. 1–14. doi: 10.3389 / FPSYG.2019.01431.
Laird, P. 沃特斯，L. (2008) “Eyewitness recollection of sports 教练,” International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 8(1), pp. 76–84. doi: 10.1080/24748668.2008.11868424.
德马丁席尔瓦，L. 弗朗西斯，J。. W. (2021) “‘It Is Like a Little Journey’: Deaf International Futsal Players’ 而且 Coaches’ Experiences in Collaborative Blended Learning,” International Sport Coaching Journal, 8(2), pp. 183–196. doi: 10.1123 / iscj.2019-0101.
约翰·弗朗西斯博士 has an array of applied 而且 research experience in performance analysis with elite able-bodied 而且 disabled sports teams. John is the principal lecturer on the MSc Sport (Applied Performance Analysis) 而且 has provided support to a variety of teams during six European Championships, 三届世界锦标赛, one World Cup 而且 a Paralympic Games.